More on muguka: "A constituent of the miraa that is sometimes confused with miraa is mairungi, mairungi are a somewhat bitter leaves but not exactly miraa.
Chewed over a long period and consistently, mairungi have also the capacity to give you a feeling of 'drunkenness' and a 'high sensation.'
In the same class with mairungi is muguka. Muguka are generally miraa 'residue' leaves that act as a substitute for real miraa leaves.
Over the last couple of years, miraa chewers of less able means have resorted to muguka because it is a lot cheaper and, more or less gives you the same sensation. "

allAfrica.com: Botany: Muguka - stronger leaf than miraa: "'Manze hii something ni poa, yaani steam yake ni noma sana kushinda ya veve..steam yake inakutake world ingine - .(This thing is so cool, its maximum effect is more vicious than that of miraa (khat), it carries you to another world)."

International Center for Journalists: "The Scripps Howard Foundation Semester in Washington internship program brings three international students per year to Washington, D.C., to work at the Scripps Howard News Service for 10 to 14 weeks each. The internship is designed to give international students an opportunity to cover events in the U.S. capital, as well as to report and write feature stories for the Scripps Howard Foundation Wire. Stories written by Scripps Howard interns may be published in newspapers across the United States."

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